from code to control

This dissertation investigates the necessity of distinguishing

between traditional cyber-attacks and AI-driven cyber-
attacks under international law. It explores whether AI-
based cyber threats, which introduce complexities such as

autonomy, real-time adaptation, and unprecedented scale,
require a distinct legal framework. It starts by examining the
rationale for drawing this distinction, taking the view that
AI’s unique nature necessitates specific legal considerations
to address challenges in attribution, state responsibility, and
cyber warfare.